The features of conservation-restoration activities in the National and University Library in Zagreb

Uslijed naglog porasta netradicionalne knjižnične građe, promijenjenih tehnoloških potreba i korisničkih zahtjeva, Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu (NSK) je suočena s korjenitim promjenama knjižničnih funkcija, uključujući zaštitu i osiguranje dostupnosti građe. U žarištu ovog istraživanja je analiza obilježja konzervatorsko-restauratorske djelatnosti, njenih potreba i mogućnosti razvoja u NSK. Razmatra se uloga konzervatora/ restauratora u promijenjenom okruženju. Istražuju se razine znanja i vještina potrebnih za provođenje djelotvorne zaštite. Istraživanja stanja konzervatorsko-restauratorske djelatnosti u NSK utvrdila su ozbiljan nedostatak stručnoga konzervatorskog osoblja, ali i nedostatak standardizacije i mjerila te praktičnih smjernica i uputa u svakodnevnom radu i izvanrednim okolnostima. U uvjetima promjenjivog okruženja i balansiranja između potreba i interesa različitih interesnih skupina i suvremenih korisnika, sve više jača potreba za održavanjem visokih etičkih standarda konzervatorske prakse. Poštivanje Etičkog kodeksa i pravila struke jedno je od glavnih jamstava za ostvarivanje kvalitete konzervatorskorestauratorskog rada.Due to the rapid increase in traditional library materials, the changed technological needs and user requirements, NSK faced with radical changes of library functions, including protecting and ensuring the availability of library materials. The focus of this study is to analyze the characteristics of conservation and restoration activities in NSK, their development, needs, and opportunities. This paper discusses the role of conservators / restorers in the changing environment. It includes investigating the levels of knowledge and skills necessary for the implementation of effective protection. The study identified the serious lack of qualified conservation staff, but also the lack of standardization and criteria as well as practical guidelines that would be appropriate for normal everyday needs and extraordinary situations. While keeping a balance between the needs and interests of different stakeholders and users in today’s fast-changing environment, an increasing need to maintain high ethical standards is essential to good conservation practice. Compliance with the Code of Ethics and rules of the profession is one of the main guarantees of the quality of conservation-restoration work

Characterization of Foxing Stains on Eighteenth Century Books

Foxing is a form of chromatic alteration of paper which appears as spotty or diffuse yellowish, brownish, reddish or blackish areas. Although the nature of foxing stains is not fully understood, microorganisms and metallic impurities (iron, copper, etc.) in paper have been considered the main causes of foxing formation. This paper deals with the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis for the presence of metals and/or microorganisms in foxing spots, found in eighteenth century books. The selected spots are also examined in normal and UV light to determine the relationship between the visual appearance of the paper and its chemical composition. The conservation methods suitable for the removing of foxing stains and prevention of their recurrence are discussed

The use of recycled crushed clay brick aggregate for the purpose of forming a prefabricated façade panel

The contemporary 4R concept of waste management, in accordance with the globally spread trend of sustainability, promotes: reducing the amount of waste at the source, reusing of elements and their parts, recycling in order to produce raw material and recovering of the embodied energy. Discarded bricks from building demolition sites considered in this research could be reused, but also crushed in appropriate facilities and employed as aggregate in various cement composites. This paper investigates the possibility of using such recycled crushed clay brick material as aggregate in a prefabricated composite façade panel with the face of stone, which can be used in a ventilated façade system. It describes the production process of a pilot element, and further suggests the details of the façade cladding technology concerning the proposed element, i.e. its production technology options, as well as transport and installation technologies. The paper further displays various design possibilities of the panel closely related to the production technology options, as well as observed aspects of sustainability and cost effectiveness relevant to the application of the proposed façade panel. The research contributes to the contemporary course of sustainability within the construction industry by proposing an example of forming a new prefabricated building element using recycled building demolition waste material

Višejedarna Rhizoctonia sp. - patogen šećerne repe i osetljivost sorti u polju

Sugar beet root rot has severely occurred in our country recently, especially in localities of Pazova, Pećinci, Ruma, Sremska Mitrovica and Šid. From diseased roots as well as from soil collected from the localities where decay occurred, fungal isolates were obtained by bait plant method. Based on their characteristics, they were identified as multinucleate Rhizoctonia sp. During the year of 2004 in Mitrosrem trial field T-11, where the presence of multinucleate Rhizoctonia sp. was confirmed, an experiment under the coordination of Committee for Acknowledgement and Registration of New Cultivars in our country was conducted in order to determine cultivars' tolerance, i.e. their susceptibility and possibility for growing on infested fields. Six cultivars of sugar beet, Laetitia (as standard) and five new ones were included in the investigation. The trial was conducted in accordance with the established and accepted method (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources, Republic of Serbia). Susceptibility of investigated cultivars was evaluated according to significant production characteristics root yield, sugar content, corrected sugar content, thick juice Q, molasses sugar, content of K, Na and amino-N, polarized sugar yield and white sugar yield, as it was recommended by the method. Conducted investigations have revealed that tested sugar beet cultivars showed different reactions to natural infection with multinucleate Rhizoctonia sp. Concerning root yield as the most important agricultural characteristic, statistically significantly higher yield was obtained with the cultivar under code mark 5 (61.120 kg/ha) whereas the cultivar marked under code 6 had significantly lower yield comparing to the standard (38.100 kg/ha).Poslednjih godina uočeno je masovno propadanje šećerne repe u našoj zemlji i to u lokalitetima Pazove, Pećinaca, Rume, Sremske Mitrovice i Šida. Iz obolelih korenova i iz zemljišta prikupljenog sa terena gde je propadanje uočeno, metodom mamaka izolovana je gljiva koja je po svojim osobinama identifikovana kao višejedarna Rhizoctonia sp. U toku 2004. godine na parceli Mitrosrema T-11 gde je izolacijom dokazano prisustvo višejedarne Rhizoctonia sp., postavljen je ogled u okviru sortne komisije za priznavanje i registraciju novih sorti u našoj zemlji sa ciljem utvrđivanja tolerantnosti, odnosno osetljivosti pojedinih sorti i time njihove pogodnosti za gajenje na infestiranom zemljištu. U ispitivanja je uključeno 6 sorti šećerne repe: Laetitia (kao standard) i još pet novih sorti. Ogled je posejan po utvrđenoj i prihvaćenoj metodi sortne komisije (Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije). Osetljivost ispitivanih sorti ocenjivana je na osnovu značajnih proizvodnih osobina: prinos korena, polarizacija, korigovani sadržaj šećera Q gustog soka, sadržaja sećera u melasi, sadržaja K, Na i amino N, prinos polarizacionog šećera i prinos kristalnog šećera, kako to metoda i zahteva. Na osnovu obavljenih istraživanja ustanovljeno je da se ispitivane sorte šećerne repe različito ponašaju u uslovima prirodne zaraze višejedarnom Rhizoctonia sp. U pogledu prinosa, kao najvažnije proizvodne karakteristike, statistički značajno viši prinos od standarda ispoljila je sorta koja se vodi pod šifrom 5 (61.120 kg/ha), dok je sorta koja se vodi pod šifrom 6 imala statistički značajno niži prinos u poređenju sa standardom (38.100 kg/ha)

Concentrations of manganese and iron in some woody and herbs plants

Heavy metals are the substances that indicate environmental pollution. The plants polluted with heavy metals may endanger natural environment and cause health problems in humans. In our multidisciplinary research of the concentrations of pollutants in forest ecosystems and natural environment in Belgrade, we examined the contents of heavy metals essential for plants but harmful in greater concentrations on a long-term basis. The fact that heavy metals manganese and iron are accumulated in plants to the greatest extent focused our work on determination of the level of concentrations of Mn and Fe in the vegetative parts of 8 plant types on three locations on the Avala Mountain and one location in the centre of the city of Belgrade. The analyses of heavy metals contents in plants were performed by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The examination of the existence of important differences between the average values was performed by implementation of Duncan’s test for the level of significance of 95%. The current contents of heavy metals in plants in the area of the protected natural resource Avala do not represent danger that would presently cause notable damage to forests but show the tendency of the increase of concentrations. Therefore, this issue should be constantly monitored

An example of using recycled crushed clay brick aggregate: a prefabricated composite façade panel with the face of stone

The contemporary trend of sustainability and waste management, among other principles of environmental preservation, promote recycling of building waste material. Building waste material may contain significant quantities of discarded bricks and concrete, which can be further used crushed, as aggregate. In line with the principle of recycling, the following research displays a possibility of using recycled crushed clay brick aggregate to form a prefabricated composite façade panel with a face of stone, which can be used within a ventilated façade system. The paper presents the production technology of a pilot element and design possibilities of the panel. The research contributes to the environmental preservation and sustainability concept by offering an example of using recycled building waste within a new building element

From collaboration to solutions: Encouraging collaborative problem solving through school practice

The aim of this paper is to present a viable, psychologically based framework designed for systematical promotion of the adolescents’ capacities for collaborative problem solving and possibilities for their cultivation through everyday school practice. Specifically, a model for designing teacher-training programs is proposed, wherein several elements of effective collaborative problem solving are drawn together.9th International scientific conference Technics and informatics in education – TIE 2022 16-18 September 2022Proceedings: [http://www.ftn.kg.ac.rs/konferencije/TIE2022/docs/Proceedings%20TIE2022.pdf

ZINC CONCENTRATION IN THE SOIL AND PLANTS OF NP "FRUSKA GORA"

Da bi se uspostavio sklad između čoveka i životne sredine potrebno je dati pouzdanu i istinitu dijagnozu stanja i otkriti uzroke koji dovode do veće ugroženosti prirode. Ova konstatacija rađa cilj ovog rada, koji je najviše usmeren na utvrđivanje postojanja i stepena opterećenja u zemljištu i postrojenjima određenim teškim metalima (Zn, inače prisutnim u zagađenoj atmosferi), i njihovoj akumulaciji u nacionalnom Park Fruška gora. Na osnovu tako dobijenih rezultata mogu se preduzeti određene odgovarajuće mere zaštite koje omogućavaju očuvanje, unapređenje i zaštitu Nacionalnog parka, životne sredine uopšte, a pre svega zdravlja ljudi. Područje istraživanja je Nacionalni park Fruška gora, odnosno deonica autoputa M21, preko Iriškog venca (Irig-lriški venac-Paragovo) dužine 12 km.In order to establish harmony between man and environment it is necessary to give a reliable and true diagnosis of the status, and discover the causes leading to greater endangerment of the nature. This statement gives birth to the objective of this paper, which is uppermost directed to finding out the existence and degree of load in the land and plants of certain heavy metal (Zn, otherwise present in a polluted atmosphere), and their accumulation in the National Park of Fruska gora. On the basis of results obtained in that way, certain appropriate measures of protection may be taken enabling preservation, improvement and protection ofthe National Park, environment in general, and above all, human health. The area of research is National Park of Fruska gora, that is, the section of M21 motorway, via Iriski Venac (Irig-lriški Venac-Paragovo) 12 km long